import socket
import struct
import threading
import time
from typing import Optional, Union
# websocket modules
from ._abnf import ABNF, STATUS_NORMAL, continuous_frame, frame_buffer
from ._exceptions import WebSocketProtocolException, WebSocketConnectionClosedException
from ._handshake import SUPPORTED_REDIRECT_STATUSES, handshake
from ._http import connect, proxy_info
from ._logging import debug, error, trace, isEnabledForError, isEnabledForTrace
from ._socket import getdefaulttimeout, recv, send, sock_opt
from ._ssl_compat import ssl
from ._utils import NoLock
"""
_core.py
websocket - WebSocket client library for Python
Copyright 2024 engn33r
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
"""
__all__ = ["WebSocket", "create_connection"]
[docs]
class WebSocket:
"""
Low level WebSocket interface.
This class is based on the WebSocket protocol `draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-76 <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-76>`_
We can connect to the websocket server and send/receive data.
The following example is an echo client.
>>> import websocket
>>> ws = websocket.WebSocket()
>>> ws.connect("ws://echo.websocket.events")
>>> ws.recv()
'echo.websocket.events sponsored by Lob.com'
>>> ws.send("Hello, Server")
19
>>> ws.recv()
'Hello, Server'
>>> ws.close()
Parameters
----------
get_mask_key: func
A callable function to get new mask keys, see the
WebSocket.set_mask_key's docstring for more information.
sockopt: tuple
Values for socket.setsockopt.
sockopt must be tuple and each element is argument of sock.setsockopt.
sslopt: dict
Optional dict object for ssl socket options. See FAQ for details.
fire_cont_frame: bool
Fire recv event for each cont frame. Default is False.
enable_multithread: bool
If set to True, lock send method.
skip_utf8_validation: bool
Skip utf8 validation.
"""
[docs]
def __init__(
self,
get_mask_key=None,
sockopt=None,
sslopt=None,
fire_cont_frame: bool = False,
enable_multithread: bool = True,
skip_utf8_validation: bool = False,
**_,
):
"""
Initialize WebSocket object.
Parameters
----------
sslopt: dict
Optional dict object for ssl socket options. See FAQ for details.
"""
self.sock_opt = sock_opt(sockopt, sslopt)
self.handshake_response = None
self.sock: Optional[socket.socket] = None
self.connected = False
self.get_mask_key = get_mask_key
# These buffer over the build-up of a single frame.
self.frame_buffer = frame_buffer(self._recv, skip_utf8_validation)
self.cont_frame = continuous_frame(fire_cont_frame, skip_utf8_validation)
if enable_multithread:
self.lock = threading.Lock()
self.readlock = threading.Lock()
else:
self.lock = NoLock()
self.readlock = NoLock()
def __iter__(self):
"""
Allow iteration over websocket, implying sequential `recv` executions.
"""
while True:
yield self.recv()
def __next__(self):
return self.recv()
def next(self):
return self.__next__()
def fileno(self):
return self.sock.fileno()
[docs]
def set_mask_key(self, func):
"""
Set function to create mask key. You can customize mask key generator.
Mainly, this is for testing purpose.
Parameters
----------
func: func
callable object. the func takes 1 argument as integer.
The argument means length of mask key.
This func must return string(byte array),
which length is argument specified.
"""
self.get_mask_key = func
[docs]
def gettimeout(self) -> Union[float, int, None]:
"""
Get the websocket timeout (in seconds) as an int or float
Returns
----------
timeout: int or float
returns timeout value (in seconds). This value could be either float/integer.
"""
return self.sock_opt.timeout
[docs]
def settimeout(self, timeout: Union[float, int, None]):
"""
Set the timeout to the websocket.
Parameters
----------
timeout: int or float
timeout time (in seconds). This value could be either float/integer.
"""
self.sock_opt.timeout = timeout
if self.sock:
self.sock.settimeout(timeout)
timeout = property(gettimeout, settimeout)
[docs]
def getsubprotocol(self):
"""
Get subprotocol
"""
if self.handshake_response:
return self.handshake_response.subprotocol
else:
return None
subprotocol = property(getsubprotocol)
[docs]
def getstatus(self):
"""
Get handshake status
"""
if self.handshake_response:
return self.handshake_response.status
else:
return None
status = property(getstatus)
def is_ssl(self):
try:
return isinstance(self.sock, ssl.SSLSocket)
except:
return False
headers = property(getheaders)
[docs]
def connect(self, url, **options):
"""
Connect to url. url is websocket url scheme.
ie. ws://host:port/resource
You can customize using 'options'.
If you set "header" list object, you can set your own custom header.
>>> ws = WebSocket()
>>> ws.connect("ws://echo.websocket.events",
... header=["User-Agent: MyProgram",
... "x-custom: header"])
Parameters
----------
header: list or dict
Custom http header list or dict.
cookie: str
Cookie value.
origin: str
Custom origin url.
connection: str
Custom connection header value.
Default value "Upgrade" set in _handshake.py
suppress_origin: bool
Suppress outputting origin header.
host: str
Custom host header string.
timeout: int or float
Socket timeout time. This value is an integer or float.
If you set None for this value, it means "use default_timeout value"
http_proxy_host: str
HTTP proxy host name.
http_proxy_port: str or int
HTTP proxy port. Default is 80.
http_no_proxy: list
Whitelisted host names that don't use the proxy.
http_proxy_auth: tuple
HTTP proxy auth information. Tuple of username and password. Default is None.
http_proxy_timeout: int or float
HTTP proxy timeout, default is 60 sec as per python-socks.
redirect_limit: int
Number of redirects to follow.
subprotocols: list
List of available subprotocols. Default is None.
socket: socket
Pre-initialized stream socket.
"""
self.sock_opt.timeout = options.get("timeout", self.sock_opt.timeout)
self.sock, addrs = connect(
url, self.sock_opt, proxy_info(**options), options.pop("socket", None)
)
try:
self.handshake_response = handshake(self.sock, url, *addrs, **options)
for _ in range(options.pop("redirect_limit", 3)):
if self.handshake_response.status in SUPPORTED_REDIRECT_STATUSES:
url = self.handshake_response.headers["location"]
self.sock.close()
self.sock, addrs = connect(
url,
self.sock_opt,
proxy_info(**options),
options.pop("socket", None),
)
self.handshake_response = handshake(
self.sock, url, *addrs, **options
)
self.connected = True
except:
if self.sock:
self.sock.close()
self.sock = None
raise
[docs]
def send(self, payload: Union[bytes, str], opcode: int = ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT) -> int:
"""
Send the data as string.
Parameters
----------
payload: str
Payload must be utf-8 string or unicode,
If the opcode is OPCODE_TEXT.
Otherwise, it must be string(byte array).
opcode: int
Operation code (opcode) to send.
"""
frame = ABNF.create_frame(payload, opcode)
return self.send_frame(frame)
[docs]
def send_text(self, text_data: str) -> int:
"""
Sends UTF-8 encoded text.
"""
return self.send(text_data, ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT)
[docs]
def send_bytes(self, data: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
"""
Sends a sequence of bytes.
"""
return self.send(data, ABNF.OPCODE_BINARY)
[docs]
def send_frame(self, frame) -> int:
"""
Send the data frame.
>>> ws = create_connection("ws://echo.websocket.events")
>>> frame = ABNF.create_frame("Hello", ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT)
>>> ws.send_frame(frame)
>>> cont_frame = ABNF.create_frame("My name is ", ABNF.OPCODE_CONT, 0)
>>> ws.send_frame(frame)
>>> cont_frame = ABNF.create_frame("Foo Bar", ABNF.OPCODE_CONT, 1)
>>> ws.send_frame(frame)
Parameters
----------
frame: ABNF frame
frame data created by ABNF.create_frame
"""
if self.get_mask_key:
frame.get_mask_key = self.get_mask_key
data = frame.format()
length = len(data)
if isEnabledForTrace():
trace(f"++Sent raw: {repr(data)}")
trace(f"++Sent decoded: {frame.__str__()}")
with self.lock:
while data:
l = self._send(data)
data = data[l:]
return length
[docs]
def send_binary(self, payload: bytes) -> int:
"""
Send a binary message (OPCODE_BINARY).
Parameters
----------
payload: bytes
payload of message to send.
"""
return self.send(payload, ABNF.OPCODE_BINARY)
[docs]
def ping(self, payload: Union[str, bytes] = ""):
"""
Send ping data.
Parameters
----------
payload: str
data payload to send server.
"""
if isinstance(payload, str):
payload = payload.encode("utf-8")
self.send(payload, ABNF.OPCODE_PING)
[docs]
def pong(self, payload: Union[str, bytes] = ""):
"""
Send pong data.
Parameters
----------
payload: str
data payload to send server.
"""
if isinstance(payload, str):
payload = payload.encode("utf-8")
self.send(payload, ABNF.OPCODE_PONG)
[docs]
def recv(self) -> Union[str, bytes]:
"""
Receive string data(byte array) from the server.
Returns
----------
data: string (byte array) value.
"""
with self.readlock:
opcode, data = self.recv_data()
if opcode == ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT:
data_received: Union[bytes, str] = data
if isinstance(data_received, bytes):
return data_received.decode("utf-8")
elif isinstance(data_received, str):
return data_received
elif opcode == ABNF.OPCODE_BINARY:
data_binary: bytes = data
return data_binary
else:
return ""
[docs]
def recv_data(self, control_frame: bool = False) -> tuple:
"""
Receive data with operation code.
Parameters
----------
control_frame: bool
a boolean flag indicating whether to return control frame
data, defaults to False
Returns
-------
opcode, frame.data: tuple
tuple of operation code and string(byte array) value.
"""
opcode, frame = self.recv_data_frame(control_frame)
return opcode, frame.data
[docs]
def recv_data_frame(self, control_frame: bool = False) -> tuple:
"""
Receive data with operation code.
If a valid ping message is received, a pong response is sent.
Parameters
----------
control_frame: bool
a boolean flag indicating whether to return control frame
data, defaults to False
Returns
-------
frame.opcode, frame: tuple
tuple of operation code and string(byte array) value.
"""
while True:
frame = self.recv_frame()
if isEnabledForTrace():
trace(f"++Rcv raw: {repr(frame.format())}")
trace(f"++Rcv decoded: {frame.__str__()}")
if not frame:
# handle error:
# 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'opcode'
raise WebSocketProtocolException(f"Not a valid frame {frame}")
elif frame.opcode in (
ABNF.OPCODE_TEXT,
ABNF.OPCODE_BINARY,
ABNF.OPCODE_CONT,
):
self.cont_frame.validate(frame)
self.cont_frame.add(frame)
if self.cont_frame.is_fire(frame):
return self.cont_frame.extract(frame)
elif frame.opcode == ABNF.OPCODE_CLOSE:
self.send_close()
return frame.opcode, frame
elif frame.opcode == ABNF.OPCODE_PING:
if len(frame.data) < 126:
self.pong(frame.data)
else:
raise WebSocketProtocolException("Ping message is too long")
if control_frame:
return frame.opcode, frame
elif frame.opcode == ABNF.OPCODE_PONG:
if control_frame:
return frame.opcode, frame
[docs]
def recv_frame(self):
"""
Receive data as frame from server.
Returns
-------
self.frame_buffer.recv_frame(): ABNF frame object
"""
return self.frame_buffer.recv_frame()
[docs]
def send_close(self, status: int = STATUS_NORMAL, reason: bytes = b""):
"""
Send close data to the server.
Parameters
----------
status: int
Status code to send. See STATUS_XXX.
reason: str or bytes
The reason to close. This must be string or UTF-8 bytes.
"""
if status < 0 or status >= ABNF.LENGTH_16:
raise ValueError("code is invalid range")
self.connected = False
self.send(struct.pack("!H", status) + reason, ABNF.OPCODE_CLOSE)
[docs]
def close(self, status: int = STATUS_NORMAL, reason: bytes = b"", timeout: int = 3):
"""
Close Websocket object
Parameters
----------
status: int
Status code to send. See VALID_CLOSE_STATUS in ABNF.
reason: bytes
The reason to close in UTF-8.
timeout: int or float
Timeout until receive a close frame.
If None, it will wait forever until receive a close frame.
"""
if not self.connected:
return
if status < 0 or status >= ABNF.LENGTH_16:
raise ValueError("code is invalid range")
try:
self.connected = False
self.send(struct.pack("!H", status) + reason, ABNF.OPCODE_CLOSE)
sock_timeout = self.sock.gettimeout()
self.sock.settimeout(timeout)
start_time = time.time()
while timeout is None or time.time() - start_time < timeout:
try:
frame = self.recv_frame()
if frame.opcode != ABNF.OPCODE_CLOSE:
continue
if isEnabledForError():
recv_status = struct.unpack("!H", frame.data[0:2])[0]
if recv_status >= 3000 and recv_status <= 4999:
debug(f"close status: {repr(recv_status)}")
elif recv_status != STATUS_NORMAL:
error(f"close status: {repr(recv_status)}")
break
except:
break
self.sock.settimeout(sock_timeout)
self.sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
except:
pass
self.shutdown()
[docs]
def abort(self):
"""
Low-level asynchronous abort, wakes up other threads that are waiting in recv_*
"""
if self.connected:
self.sock.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)
[docs]
def shutdown(self):
"""
close socket, immediately.
"""
if self.sock:
self.sock.close()
self.sock = None
self.connected = False
def _send(self, data: Union[str, bytes]):
return send(self.sock, data)
def _recv(self, bufsize):
try:
return recv(self.sock, bufsize)
except WebSocketConnectionClosedException:
if self.sock:
self.sock.close()
self.sock = None
self.connected = False
raise
[docs]
def create_connection(url: str, timeout=None, class_=WebSocket, **options):
"""
Connect to url and return websocket object.
Connect to url and return the WebSocket object.
Passing optional timeout parameter will set the timeout on the socket.
If no timeout is supplied,
the global default timeout setting returned by getdefaulttimeout() is used.
You can customize using 'options'.
If you set "header" list object, you can set your own custom header.
>>> conn = create_connection("ws://echo.websocket.events",
... header=["User-Agent: MyProgram",
... "x-custom: header"])
Parameters
----------
class_: class
class to instantiate when creating the connection. It has to implement
settimeout and connect. It's __init__ should be compatible with
WebSocket.__init__, i.e. accept all of it's kwargs.
header: list or dict
custom http header list or dict.
cookie: str
Cookie value.
origin: str
custom origin url.
suppress_origin: bool
suppress outputting origin header.
host: str
custom host header string.
timeout: int or float
socket timeout time. This value could be either float/integer.
If set to None, it uses the default_timeout value.
http_proxy_host: str
HTTP proxy host name.
http_proxy_port: str or int
HTTP proxy port. If not set, set to 80.
http_no_proxy: list
Whitelisted host names that don't use the proxy.
http_proxy_auth: tuple
HTTP proxy auth information. tuple of username and password. Default is None.
http_proxy_timeout: int or float
HTTP proxy timeout, default is 60 sec as per python-socks.
enable_multithread: bool
Enable lock for multithread.
redirect_limit: int
Number of redirects to follow.
sockopt: tuple
Values for socket.setsockopt.
sockopt must be a tuple and each element is an argument of sock.setsockopt.
sslopt: dict
Optional dict object for ssl socket options. See FAQ for details.
subprotocols: list
List of available subprotocols. Default is None.
skip_utf8_validation: bool
Skip utf8 validation.
socket: socket
Pre-initialized stream socket.
"""
sockopt = options.pop("sockopt", [])
sslopt = options.pop("sslopt", {})
fire_cont_frame = options.pop("fire_cont_frame", False)
enable_multithread = options.pop("enable_multithread", True)
skip_utf8_validation = options.pop("skip_utf8_validation", False)
websock = class_(
sockopt=sockopt,
sslopt=sslopt,
fire_cont_frame=fire_cont_frame,
enable_multithread=enable_multithread,
skip_utf8_validation=skip_utf8_validation,
**options,
)
websock.settimeout(timeout if timeout is not None else getdefaulttimeout())
websock.connect(url, **options)
return websock